ANTIOXIDANT
Cheng, N., Ren, N., Gao, H., Lei, X., Zheng, J., & Cao, W. (2013). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of Schisandra chinensis pollen extract on CCl4-induced acute liver damage in mice. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 234-240. Full Article
Battistelli, M., De Sanctis, R., De Bellis, R., Cucchiarini, L., Dachà, M., & Gobbi, P. (2009). Rhodiola rosea as antioxidant in red blood cells: ultrastructural and hemolytic behaviour. European Journal of Histochemistry, 49(3), 243-254. Full Article
Chen, C. F., Chiou, W. F., & Zhang, J. T. (2008). Comparison of the pharmacological effects of Panax ginseng and Panax quinquefolium. Acta Pharmacologica Sinica, 29(9), 1103. Full Article
Kim, S. H., Hyun, S. H., & Choung, S. Y. (2006). Antioxidative effects of Cinnamomi cassiae and Rhodiola rosea extracts in liver of diabetic mice. Biofactors, 26(3), 209-219. Full Article
Yu, D., Duan, Y., Bao, Y., Wei, C., & An, L. (2005). Isoflavonoids from Astragalus mongholicus protect PC12 cells from toxicity induced by L-glutamate. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 98(1-2), 89-94. Full Article
De Sanctis, R., De Bellis, R., Scesa, C., Mancini, U., Cucchiarini, L., & Dachà, M. (2004). In vitro protective effect of Rhodiola rosea extract against hypochlorous acid-induced oxidative damage in human erythrocytes. Biofactors, 20(3), 147-159. Full Article
Kim, S. R., Lee, M. K., Koo, K. A., Kim, S. H., Sung, S. H., Lee, N. G., ... & Kim, Y. C. (2004). Dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans from Schisandra chinensis protect primary cultures of rat cortical cells from glutamate‐induced toxicity. Journal of Neuroscience Research, 76(3), 397-405. Full Article
Ng, T. B., Liu, F., & Wang, H. X. (2004). The antioxidant effects of aqueous and organic extracts of Panax quinquefolium, Panax notoginseng, Codonopsis pilosula, Pseudostellaria heterophylla and Glehnia littoralis. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 93(2-3), 285-288. Full Article
Xu, Y., Jiang, H., Sun, C., Adu-Frimpong, M., Deng, W., Yu, J.,& Xu, X. (2018). Antioxidant and hepatoprotective effects of purified Rhodiola rosea polysaccharides. International journal of biological macromolecules, 117 (1), 167-178. Full Article
Sist, P., Tramer, F., Lorenzon, P., Urbani, R., Vrhovsek, U.,Bernareggi, A., & Sciancalepore, M. (2018). Rhodiola rosea, a protective antioxidant for intense physical exercise: An in vitro study. Journal of Functional Foods, 48, 27-36. Full Article
Kosakowska, O., Bączek, K., Przybył, J. L., Pióro-Jabrucka, E.,Czupa, W., Synowiec, A., ... & Węglarz, Z. (2018). Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activity of Roseroot (Rhodiola rosea L.) Dry Extracts. Molecules (Basel,Switzerland), 23(7). Full Article
Zhai, J., Zhang, F., Gao,S., Chen, L., Feng, G., Yin, J., & Chen, W. (2018). Schisandra chinensis extract decreases chloroacetaldehyde production in rats and attenuates cyclophosphamide toxicity in liver, kidney and brain. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 210, 223-231. Full Article
ANTIPROLIFERATIVE
Min, H. Y., Park, E. J., Hong, J. Y., Kang, Y. J., Kim, S. J., Chung, H. J., ... & Kang, S. S. (2008). Antiproliferative effects of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans isolated from Schisandra chinensis in human cancer cells. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters, 18(2), 523-526. Full Article
Majewska, A., Grażyna, H., Mirosława, F., Natalia, U., Agnieszka, P., Alicja, Z., & Kuraś, M. (2006). Antiproliferative and antimitotic effect, S phase accumulation and induction of apoptosis and necrosis after treatment of extract from Rhodiola rosea rhizomes on HL-60 cells. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 103(1), 43-52. Full Article
ANTITUMOR
Zhao, T., Mao, G., Mao, R., Zou, Y., Zheng, D., Feng, W., ... & Chen, Y. (2013). Antitumor and immunomodulatory activity of a water-soluble low molecular weight polysaccharide from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food and Chemical Toxicology, 55, 609-616. Full Article
ANTIFATIGUE
Qi, B., Liu, L., Zhang, H., Zhou, G. X., Wang, S., Duan, X. Z., ... & Zhao, D. Q. (2014). Anti-fatigue effects of proteins isolated from Panax quinquefolium. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 153(2), 430-434. Full Article
Barton, D. L., Liu, H., Dakhil, S. R., Linquist, B., Sloan, J. A., Nichols, C. R., ... & Loprinzi, C. L. (2013). Wisconsin Ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind trial, N07C2. Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 105(16), 1230-1238. Full Article
Ishaque, S., Shamseer, L., Bukutu, C., & Vohra, S. (2012). Rhodiola rosea for physical and mental fatigue: a systematic review. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 12(1), 70. Full Article
Barton, D. L., Soori, G. S., Bauer, B. A., Sloan, J. A., Johnson, P. A., Figueras, C., ... & Christensen, B. (2010). Pilot study of Panax quinquefolius (American ginseng) to improve cancer-related fatigue: a randomized, double-blind, dose-finding evaluation: NCCTG trial N03CA. Supportive Care in Cancer, 18(2), 179. Full Article
Shevtsov, V. A., Zholus, B. I., Shervarly, V. I., Vol'skij, V. B., Korovin, Y. P., Khristich, M. P., ... & Wikman, G. (2003). A randomized trial of two different doses of a SHR-5 Rhodiola rosea extract versus placebo and control of capacity for mental work. Phytomedicine, 10(2-3), 95-105. Full Article
Darbinyan, V., Kteyan, A., Panossian, A., Gabrielian, E., Wikman, G., & Wagner, H. (2000). Rhodiola rosea in stress induced fatigue—a double blind cross-over study of a standardized extract SHR-5 with a repeated low-dose regimen on the mental performance of healthy physicians during night duty. Phytomedicine, 7(5), 365-371. Full Article
Spasov, A. A., Wikman, G. K., Mandrikov, V. B., Mironova, I. A., & Neumoin, V. V. (2000). A double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot study of the stimulating and adaptogenic effect of Rhodiola rosea SHR-5 extract on the fatigue of students caused by stress during an examination period with a repeated low-dose regimen.Phytomedicine, 7(2), 85-89. Full Article
ANTIFUNGAL
Yan, Q., Jiang, Z., Yang, S., Deng, W., & Han, L. (2005). A novel homodimeric lectin from Astragalus mongholicus with antifungal activity. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, 442(1), 72-81. Full Article
ANTI-INFLAMMATORY
Oh, S. Y., Kim, Y. H., Bae, D. S., Um, B. H., Pan, C. H., Kim, C. Y., ... & Lee, J. K. (2010). Anti-inflammatory effects of gomisin N, gomisin J, and schisandrin C isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis. Bioscience, Biotechnology, and Biochemistry, 74(2), 285-291. Full Article
Bawa, A. S., & Khanum, F. (2009). Anti‐inflammatory activity of Rhodiola rosea–“a second‐generation adaptogen”. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 23(8), 1099-1102. Full Article
Guo, L. Y., Hung, T. M., Bae, K. H., Shin, E. M., Zhou, H. Y., Hong, Y. N., ... & Kim, Y. S. (2008). Anti-inflammatory effects of schisandrin isolated from the fruit of Schisandra chinensis Baill. European Journal of Pharmacology, 591(1-3), 293-299. Full Article
Li, Y. Z., Ren, S., Yan, X.T., Li, H. P., Li, W., Zheng, B., ... & Liu, Y. Y. (2018). Improvement ofCisplatin-induced renal dysfunction by Schisandra chinensis stems viaanti-inflammation and anti-apoptosis effects. Journal of ethnopharmacology, 217, 228-237. Full Article
ANTICONVULSIVE
Jalsrai, A., Grecksch, G., & Becker, A. (2010). Evaluation of the effects of Astragalus mongholicus Bunge saponin extract on central nervous system functions. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 131(3), 544-549. Full Article
ANXIOLYTIC EFFECT
Wei, X. Y., Yang, J. Y., Wang, J. H., & Wu, C. F. (2007). Anxiolytic effect of saponins from Panax quinquefolium in mice. Journal of Ethnopharmacology, 111(3), 613-618. Full Article
ADAPTOGENIC EFFECT
Perfumi, M., & Mattioli, L. (2007). Adaptogenic and central nervous system effects of single doses of 3% rosavin and 1% salidroside Rhodiola rosea L. extract in mice. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives, 21(1), 37-43. Full Article
MITOCHONDRIAL SUPPORT
Abidov, M., Crendal, F., Grachev, S., Seifulla, R., & Ziegenfuss, T. (2003). Effect of extracts from Rhodiola rosea and Rhodiola crenulata (Crassulaceae) roots on ATP content in mitochondria of skeletal muscles. Bulletin of Experimental Biology and Medicine, 136(6), 585-587. Full Article
IMMUNOMODULATING
Wang, M., Guilbert, L. J., Ling, L., Li, J., Wu, Y., Xu, S., ... & Shan, J. J. (2001). Immunomodulating activity of CVT‐E002, a proprietary extract from North American ginseng (Panax quinquefolium). Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, 53(11), 1515-1523. Full Article
RELAXANT
Mattioli, L., Funari, C., & Perfumi, M. (2009). Effects of Rhodiola rosea L. extract on behavioural and physiological alterations induced by chronic mild stress in female rats. Journal of Psychopharmacology, 23(2), 130-142. Full Article
Mattioli, L., & Perfumi, M. (2007). Rhodiola rosea L. extract reduces stress-and CRF-induced anorexia in rats.Journal of Psychopharmacology, 21(7), 742-750. Full Article
VARIOUS PROPERTIES
Khanum, F., Bawa, A. S., & Singh, B. (2005). Rhodiola rosea: a versatile adaptogen. Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food Safety, 4(3), 55-62. Full Article
Li, Y., Pham, V., Bui, M., Song, L., Wu, C., Walia, A., ... &Zi, X. (2017). Rhodiola rosea L.: an Herb with Anti-Stress, Anti-Aging, and Immunostimulating Properties for Cancer Chemoprevention. CurrentPharmacology Reports, 3(6), 384-395. Full Article